Weathering patterns in the Sila Massif (northern Calabria, Italy)

Abstract

In Northern Calabria a deep and mature weathering profile has developed from Late Miocene to Pleistocene within the granitic and metamorphic rocks which form the main mountains and massifs. The Sila massif crystalline rocks are characterized by deep and variable weathering profiles, which represent a fossil and eroded mantle. In this paper the regional pattern of the weathering profile in Sila Massif is described. The wide variability of weathering conditions of the Sila weathered rocks required the use of weathering classifications; the mapping of weathering profiles and grades permitted a general and comprehensive overview of the effect, intensity and distribution of weathering processes. In the study area two sectors with different weathering profiles have been recognized. The development of the weathering profiles in Sila could have occurred between the Late Miocene and the Pleistocene under various climatic conditions. Under the current temperate and Pleistocene glacial climatic conditions the erosional processes, as activated by tectonic uplifting, prevail over the weathering processes, although not enough to completely remove the exposed, deeply weathered mantle.